Question Tag berisi suatu pernyataan dan diikuti suatu pertanyaan untuk menegaskan pernyataan tersebut. Dan dalam bahasa Indonesia dapat diterjemahkan dengan kata “Ya kan?” atau “...., bukan?” atau “..., kan?”
Jika pernyataannya adalah kalimat positif, maka Question Tag-nya adalah negatif. Sebaliknya, jika pernyataannya adalah kalimat negatif, maka Question Tag-nya adalah positif. Jika pernyataannya adalah sebuah perintah atau permintaan atau larangan, maka Question Tag-nya adalah kata “Would you?” Jika di dalam pernyataan tersebut ada to be, maka Question Tag-nya, adalah juga harus to be. Jika dalam pernyataan tersebut ada verb, maka Question Tag-nya menggunakan kata do, does, atau did. Jika pernyataan tersebut menggunakan kata kerja modal, maka Question Tag-nya juga harus menggunakan kata kerja modal.
Contoh kalimat Question Tag ini yaitu :
1. I am good, aren’t I?
2. You are Mark, aren’t you?
3. Annie is not tall, is she?
4. Benni is not your brother, is he?
5. You made a mistake, didn’t you?
6. Lilly and Brad have been engaged, haven’t they?
7. We don’t get lost, do we?
8. I can walk again, can’t I?
9. You will tell him the truth, won’t you?
10. You must sign the agreement, mustn’t you?
11. Vita hadn’t done such thing, had she?
12. Lina should’ve bought a disc, shouldn’t she?
13. Please take me a glass of water, would you?
14. I want to go to Ireland, may I?
15. Please don’t give me anything to do with him, would you?
16. I would like you to come here to accompany me, would you?
17. I would prefer being a translator, may I?
Monday 20 July 2009
PENGGANTI MODAL
Sebuah kalimat hanya dapat mengunakan satu kata kerja modal atau auxiliary verb yang hanya dapat diikuti oleh infinitive (VI). Nah, bagaimana jika sebuah kalimat ternyata membutuhkan lebih dari satu kata kerja modal? Seperti pada kalimat “Kamu harus bisa mengerjakan soal-soal ujian tersebut dengan cepat dan cermat.” Kita tidak dapat menerjemahkan kalimat tersebut menjadi “You must can do the examination fast and carefully.”
Karena kita tidak boleh menggunakan dua kata kerja modal dalam satu kalimat secara berdampingan atau berturut-turut, yang harus kita lakukan adalah mengganti kata kerja modal yang berada di tempat kedua dengan kata lain yang bermakna sama. Kita menyebutnya kata-kata yang dapat menggantikan kata kerja modal. Kata-kata tersebut yaitu:
1. Must-> dapat digantikan oleh have to, ought to (diikuti Verb I)
2. Will, Would-> dapat digantikan oleh to be + going to (diikuti VI)
3. Can, Could-> dapat digantikan oleh to be + able + to (diikuti VI),
------------------------------------> to be + capable + of (diikuti Ving)
------------------------------------> to be + good + at (diikuti Ving)
3. May, Might-> dapat digantikan oleh to be + allowed + to (diikuti VI)
------------------------------------> to be + permitted + to (diikuti VI)
4. Should, Shall-> dapat digantikan oleh to be + supposed + to (diikuti VI)
-> Contoh kalimat yang menggunakan pengganti modal
-> 1. I will be able to see the the world again.
-> 2. She must be good at speaking Irish-Gaelic.
-> 3. You will be allowed to join the group.
-> 4. She has been capable of singing again.
-> 5. They might be able to use the gun.
-> 6. I‘m good at playing chess.
-> 7. I’m not supposed to care for you.
-> 8. She is going to paint her house by herself.
-> 9. We were permitted to climb the hill.
-> 10.They have to overrule the objection.
Karena kita tidak boleh menggunakan dua kata kerja modal dalam satu kalimat secara berdampingan atau berturut-turut, yang harus kita lakukan adalah mengganti kata kerja modal yang berada di tempat kedua dengan kata lain yang bermakna sama. Kita menyebutnya kata-kata yang dapat menggantikan kata kerja modal. Kata-kata tersebut yaitu:
1. Must-> dapat digantikan oleh have to, ought to (diikuti Verb I)
2. Will, Would-> dapat digantikan oleh to be + going to (diikuti VI)
3. Can, Could-> dapat digantikan oleh to be + able + to (diikuti VI),
------------------------------------> to be + capable + of (diikuti Ving)
------------------------------------> to be + good + at (diikuti Ving)
3. May, Might-> dapat digantikan oleh to be + allowed + to (diikuti VI)
------------------------------------> to be + permitted + to (diikuti VI)
4. Should, Shall-> dapat digantikan oleh to be + supposed + to (diikuti VI)
-> Contoh kalimat yang menggunakan pengganti modal
-> 1. I will be able to see the the world again.
-> 2. She must be good at speaking Irish-Gaelic.
-> 3. You will be allowed to join the group.
-> 4. She has been capable of singing again.
-> 5. They might be able to use the gun.
-> 6. I‘m good at playing chess.
-> 7. I’m not supposed to care for you.
-> 8. She is going to paint her house by herself.
-> 9. We were permitted to climb the hill.
-> 10.They have to overrule the objection.
TENSES
Dalam Bahasa Inggris, ada 16 tenses. Tapi pada dasarnya hanya ada 2 tenses. Dan dari 2 tenses tersebut, kemudian berkembang menjadi 16 tenses. Dan dapat digambarkan dalam skema berikut ini.
Present
1. Simple Present Tense
2. Present Continous Tense
3. Present Perfect Tense
4. Present Perfect Continous Tense
5. Present Future Tense (Future Tense)
6. Future Continous Tense
7. Future Perfect Tense
8. Future Perfect Continous Tense
Past
1. Simple Past Tense
2. Past Continous Tense
3. Past Perfect Tense
4. Past Perfect Continous Tense
5. Past Future Tense
6. Past Future Continous Tense
7. Past Future Perfect Tense
8. Past Future Perfect Continous Tense
ddd
Present
1. Simple Present Tense
2. Present Continous Tense
3. Present Perfect Tense
4. Present Perfect Continous Tense
5. Present Future Tense (Future Tense)
6. Future Continous Tense
7. Future Perfect Tense
8. Future Perfect Continous Tense
Past
1. Simple Past Tense
2. Past Continous Tense
3. Past Perfect Tense
4. Past Perfect Continous Tense
5. Past Future Tense
6. Past Future Continous Tense
7. Past Future Perfect Tense
8. Past Future Perfect Continous Tense
ddd
PREPOSITION (KATA DEPAN)
1. menunjukkan katerangan tempat atau waktu
2. Yang termasuk preposition yaitu
-> 1. at --> a. untuk alamat lengkap ( jalan + no.rumah + desa/kota)
--------------> Contoh: I live at Gatot Subroto Road number 2.
-----------> b. untuk mengatakan waktu
--------------> Contoh: I will go to sleep at 9.30 pm.
2. on --> a. Berarti tepat di atas (menempel)
-----------> Contoh: The picture is hanging on the wall.
-------------------> The helmet is on the table.
--------> b. untuk mengatakan hari atau tanggal
-----------> Contoh: I can go to the cinema on Wednesday.
-------------------> I was born on May 5th 1976.
--------> c. untuk mengatakan alamat yang hanya berupa nama jalan tanpa no.rumah
-----------> Contoh: Danny lives on Mawar street.
-------------------> You stay on Imam Bonjol Road.
3. in --> a. Berarti di dalam
-----------> Contoh: Risma is in the Room 579.
-------------------> The pen is in the pen box.
--------> b. untuk mengatakan pekan, bulan, atau tahun
-----------> Contoh: Shane became a winner in 1999.
-------------------> The diamond was lost in May.
--------> c. untuk mengatakan alamat yang tidak menunjukkan nama jalan
-----------> Contoh: She lives in Jogja now.
-------------------> Bobby lives in Tegalrejo Village.
4. above --> di atas
-----------> Contoh: You jump above me.
-------------------> Citra is flying to the sky above.
5. under --> di bawah
-----------> Contoh: He is hiding under the table.
-------------------> Jasmine keeps his precious things under her bed.
6. beside --> di samping
-----------> Contoh: The cat slept beside me.
-------------------> Ferry put the glasses beside the televisions.
7. between --> di antara (dua [benda / orang])
-----------> Contoh: The monitor is between printer and the hard disk.
-------------------> Reni is standing between Andy and Firman.
8. among --> di antara (lebih dari dua [benda / orang])
-----------> Contoh: Kelly is one of the best among the finalists.
-------------------> Sanny’s house was built among the rich community.
9. in front of --> di depan
-----------> Contoh: The kissed my brother right in front of me.
-------------------> Andy reads the answers in front of the class.
10. before --> di depan
-----------> Contoh: Devi is now standing before my eyes, but I can’t touch her.
-------------------> Natasha is now running before me.
11. behind --> di belakang
-----------> Contoh: Indonesia is still left behind the other countries.
-------------------> Marcell’s seat is behind me.
12. into --> ke dalam
-----------> Contoh: Joss pours the milk into the bottle.
-------------------> Olivia throws the ball into the basket.
13. through --> melalui
-----------> Contoh: I have got through many odds.
-------------------> He is coming here through the tunnel.
14. outside of --> di luar
-----------> Contoh: The dog is sleeping outside of the house.
The boys call me from outside of the cafe.
15. in the middle of --> di tengah
-----------> Contoh: I’m thinking of you in the middle of the night.
-------------------> There is a dot in the middle of the circle.
16. here --> di / ke sini
-----------> Contoh: He has promised me to come here.
-------------------> I’ll be waiting for you here.
17. there --> di situ / di sana
-----------> Contoh: Are you missing me there?
-------------------> I’ll be there soon to see you.
18. to --> ke / pada / untuk
-----------> Contoh: Darling, I’m coming to you.
-------------------> I will give this birthday present to my special one.
19. around --> di sekitar
-----------> Contoh: I will bury the wreckage around my house.
-------------------> They feel uncomfortable with the people around them.
20. near --> di dekat
-----------> Contoh: My heart is near you although we live apart.
-------------------> The casino cannot be near the church.
21. beyond --> di luar
-----------> Contoh: My condition is beyond my control.
-------------------> You are now beyond my reach.
22. up --> di atas
-----------> Contoh: The plant is growing up very well.
-------------------> Westlife is up there.
23. down --> di bawah
-----------> Contoh: Please don’t bring me down.
-------------------> I want to make you fly and then I throw you down. Ooh, it must -------------------> be very hurtful.
2. Yang termasuk preposition yaitu
-> 1. at --> a. untuk alamat lengkap ( jalan + no.rumah + desa/kota)
--------------> Contoh: I live at Gatot Subroto Road number 2.
-----------> b. untuk mengatakan waktu
--------------> Contoh: I will go to sleep at 9.30 pm.
2. on --> a. Berarti tepat di atas (menempel)
-----------> Contoh: The picture is hanging on the wall.
-------------------> The helmet is on the table.
--------> b. untuk mengatakan hari atau tanggal
-----------> Contoh: I can go to the cinema on Wednesday.
-------------------> I was born on May 5th 1976.
--------> c. untuk mengatakan alamat yang hanya berupa nama jalan tanpa no.rumah
-----------> Contoh: Danny lives on Mawar street.
-------------------> You stay on Imam Bonjol Road.
3. in --> a. Berarti di dalam
-----------> Contoh: Risma is in the Room 579.
-------------------> The pen is in the pen box.
--------> b. untuk mengatakan pekan, bulan, atau tahun
-----------> Contoh: Shane became a winner in 1999.
-------------------> The diamond was lost in May.
--------> c. untuk mengatakan alamat yang tidak menunjukkan nama jalan
-----------> Contoh: She lives in Jogja now.
-------------------> Bobby lives in Tegalrejo Village.
4. above --> di atas
-----------> Contoh: You jump above me.
-------------------> Citra is flying to the sky above.
5. under --> di bawah
-----------> Contoh: He is hiding under the table.
-------------------> Jasmine keeps his precious things under her bed.
6. beside --> di samping
-----------> Contoh: The cat slept beside me.
-------------------> Ferry put the glasses beside the televisions.
7. between --> di antara (dua [benda / orang])
-----------> Contoh: The monitor is between printer and the hard disk.
-------------------> Reni is standing between Andy and Firman.
8. among --> di antara (lebih dari dua [benda / orang])
-----------> Contoh: Kelly is one of the best among the finalists.
-------------------> Sanny’s house was built among the rich community.
9. in front of --> di depan
-----------> Contoh: The kissed my brother right in front of me.
-------------------> Andy reads the answers in front of the class.
10. before --> di depan
-----------> Contoh: Devi is now standing before my eyes, but I can’t touch her.
-------------------> Natasha is now running before me.
11. behind --> di belakang
-----------> Contoh: Indonesia is still left behind the other countries.
-------------------> Marcell’s seat is behind me.
12. into --> ke dalam
-----------> Contoh: Joss pours the milk into the bottle.
-------------------> Olivia throws the ball into the basket.
13. through --> melalui
-----------> Contoh: I have got through many odds.
-------------------> He is coming here through the tunnel.
14. outside of --> di luar
-----------> Contoh: The dog is sleeping outside of the house.
The boys call me from outside of the cafe.
15. in the middle of --> di tengah
-----------> Contoh: I’m thinking of you in the middle of the night.
-------------------> There is a dot in the middle of the circle.
16. here --> di / ke sini
-----------> Contoh: He has promised me to come here.
-------------------> I’ll be waiting for you here.
17. there --> di situ / di sana
-----------> Contoh: Are you missing me there?
-------------------> I’ll be there soon to see you.
18. to --> ke / pada / untuk
-----------> Contoh: Darling, I’m coming to you.
-------------------> I will give this birthday present to my special one.
19. around --> di sekitar
-----------> Contoh: I will bury the wreckage around my house.
-------------------> They feel uncomfortable with the people around them.
20. near --> di dekat
-----------> Contoh: My heart is near you although we live apart.
-------------------> The casino cannot be near the church.
21. beyond --> di luar
-----------> Contoh: My condition is beyond my control.
-------------------> You are now beyond my reach.
22. up --> di atas
-----------> Contoh: The plant is growing up very well.
-------------------> Westlife is up there.
23. down --> di bawah
-----------> Contoh: Please don’t bring me down.
-------------------> I want to make you fly and then I throw you down. Ooh, it must -------------------> be very hurtful.
WH Questions (kata tanya)
1. What --> Apa
-> Contoh: What is something in the box.
2. What+time/date/day/month/year --> menanyakan waktu
-> Contoh: What time will you finish?
3. Who --> Siapa (subyek)
-> Contoh: Who has done such a cruel thing?
4. Whom --> Siapa (obyek)
-> Contoh: Whom did you think about?
5. Whose --> Siapa (milik)
-> Contoh: Whose shoes was lost? Your shoes?
6. Which --> Yang mana
-> Contoh: Which fruit do you want to buy? Orange or mango?
7. Where --> di mana
-> Contoh: Where are you now?
8. Why --> mengapa
9. How --> bagaimana, How + adjective --> berapa ...
-> Contoh: How long did you wait for me?
---------> How far is your dormitory from the school?
-> Contoh: What is something in the box.
2. What+time/date/day/month/year --> menanyakan waktu
-> Contoh: What time will you finish?
3. Who --> Siapa (subyek)
-> Contoh: Who has done such a cruel thing?
4. Whom --> Siapa (obyek)
-> Contoh: Whom did you think about?
5. Whose --> Siapa (milik)
-> Contoh: Whose shoes was lost? Your shoes?
6. Which --> Yang mana
-> Contoh: Which fruit do you want to buy? Orange or mango?
7. Where --> di mana
-> Contoh: Where are you now?
8. Why --> mengapa
9. How --> bagaimana, How + adjective --> berapa ...
-> Contoh: How long did you wait for me?
---------> How far is your dormitory from the school?
PRONOUN (KATA GANTI)
Ada 4 (empat) macam pronoun
a. Kata ganti subyek: I, You, We, They, He, She, It
-> Contoh: You like the movie.
---------> He looks nice and clean.
b. Kata ganti obyek: me, you, us, them, him, her, it
-> Contoh: The tiger ate him.
---------> My father took us home.
c. Kata ganti milik: my, your, our, their, his, her, its
-> Contoh: The thief stole my television.
---------> The singer sings his song.
---------> Dinda sold Brita’s bag.
d. Kata ganti milik (sebagai noun) : mine, yours, ours, theirs, his, hers, its
-> Contoh: This is not your room, but it is mine.
---------> The mobile phone is hers.
a. Kata ganti subyek: I, You, We, They, He, She, It
-> Contoh: You like the movie.
---------> He looks nice and clean.
b. Kata ganti obyek: me, you, us, them, him, her, it
-> Contoh: The tiger ate him.
---------> My father took us home.
c. Kata ganti milik: my, your, our, their, his, her, its
-> Contoh: The thief stole my television.
---------> The singer sings his song.
---------> Dinda sold Brita’s bag.
d. Kata ganti milik (sebagai noun) : mine, yours, ours, theirs, his, hers, its
-> Contoh: This is not your room, but it is mine.
---------> The mobile phone is hers.
VERB (KATA KERJA)
1. menunjukkan suatu perbuatan yang dilakukan
2. Pada sebuah kalimat, verb diletakkan di tempat kedua (setelah subyek).
3. Ada beberapa jenis verb, yaitu
-> 1. berdasarkan fungsinya dalam kalimat
----> a. to be
-------> 1. memiliki arti adalah atau sedang
----------> a. am, was, be --> untuk subyek I
-------------> Contoh: I am a teacher
---------------------> I was doing a job.
---------------------> I can be with him.
----------> b. is, was, be --> untuk subyek he, she, it
-------------> Contoh: He is a man.
---------------------> She is very smart.
---------------------> It must be a dog.
----------> c. are, were, be --> untuk subyek you, we, they
-------------> Contoh: You are Rado.
---------------------> We are not like that.
---------------------> They should be optimist.
----------> d. been --> untuk semua subyek pada perfect tense
-------------> Contoh: They have been there.
---------------------> She has been sweeping the floor.
---------------------> You had been successful.
----> b. verb (kata kerja)
-------> 1. di dalam kamus diawali dengan to
----------> Contoh : to carry, to sit, to pull, etc
-------> 2. dapat berubah sesuai dengan subyek dan waktu (tenses)
-------> 3. Contoh penggunaan dalam kalimat
----------> I sit on the bed.
----------> She brings some books.
----> c. auxiliary verb (kata kerja modal)
-------> 1. adalah verb yang berfungsi sebagai adverb (keterangan)
-------> 2. dalam penggunaannya selalu diletakkan di dekat subyek dan selalu diikuti
----------> oleh infinitive.
-------> 3. yaitu must, can, could, will, would, may, might, shall, should
-------> 4. penggunaannya tidak dipengaruhi oleh subyek, tetapi dapat berubah ----------> menurut waktu (tenses)
-------> 5. Contoh penggunaan dalam kalimat
----------> I can do everything.
----------> She will come to the party.
-> 2. Berdasarkan tenses
----> a. infinitive (Verb I)
-------> 1. verb I ini dalam kamus ditulis setelah kata to.
-------> 2. Verb I ini digunakan pada
----------> a. Simple Present Tense
-------------> Penggunaannya tergantung pada subyek (dijelaskan lebih lanjut pada
-------------> bab tenses).
----------> b. Digunakan pada tenses apapun, di belakang auxiliary verb, atau di
-------------> belakang Verb I setelah kata to.
-------------> Contoh: I want to take the book.
---------------------> I will see you there.
----> b. Past (Verb II)
-------> 1.Penggunaan ini Past tidak tergantung pada subyek
-------> 2. Hanya digunakan pada Simple Past Tense.
----------> Contoh: Vega buried her garbage behind her house.
----> c. Past Participle (Verb III)
-------> Verb III digunakan pada
-------> 1. Segala macam Perfect Tense setelah kata have, has, atau had.
----------> Contoh : I have finished my job.
-------> 2. Passive Voice pada tenses apapun.
----------> Contoh : Jane is scolded by her mother.
-------> 3. Passive Adjective Clause pada Compound Sentence.
----------> Contoh: Lance called the man kicked by Mandy.
-------> 4. Beberapa verb yang di-adjective-kan.
----------> Contoh: confuse---confused
------------------> satisfy---satisfied
------------------> disappoint---disappointed
----> d. Gerund (Verbing)
-------> Gerund digunakan pada
-------> 1. Segala macam Continous Tense setelah to be.
----------> Contoh : Nanny is driving a car.
-------> 2. Setelah verb tertentu, yaitu
----------> avoid, anticipate, appreciate, continue, delay, deny, detest, enjoy,
----------> forgive, finish, help (menahan), start, stop, keep, mind, resist, ----------> remain, remember, dan quit.
----------> Contoh: Alan always remembers calling you everyday
-------> 3. Beberapa verb yang di-noun-kan atau di-adjective-kan
----------> Contoh: sing---singing
------------------> confuse---confusing
annoy---annoying
-------> 4. Setelah frase tertentu, yaitu
----------> a. look forward to + gerund
-------------> Contoh : I look forward to being there.
----------> b. to be + used to + gerund
-------------> Contoh : I am used to studying at night.
----------> c. to be + accustomed to + gerund
-------------> Contoh : We are accustomed to cooking few meals.
----------> d. to be + habited to + gerund
-------------> Contoh: The cat is habited to eating fish.
-------> 5. Adjective Clause pada Compound Sentence.
----------> Contoh: I called the girl standing there in the corner.
-> 3. Berdasarkan regularity
----> a. Regular verb
-------> adalah verb yang (VII) dan (VIII)-nya adalah VI + ed.
-------> Contoh: kick --- kicked --- kicked
---------------> carry --- carried --- carried
----> b. Irregular verb
-------> adalah verb yang (VII) dan (VIII)-nya adalah berbeda / sama dengan VI
-------> Contoh : go --- went --- gone
---------------> hit --- hit --- hit
2. Pada sebuah kalimat, verb diletakkan di tempat kedua (setelah subyek).
3. Ada beberapa jenis verb, yaitu
-> 1. berdasarkan fungsinya dalam kalimat
----> a. to be
-------> 1. memiliki arti adalah atau sedang
----------> a. am, was, be --> untuk subyek I
-------------> Contoh: I am a teacher
---------------------> I was doing a job.
---------------------> I can be with him.
----------> b. is, was, be --> untuk subyek he, she, it
-------------> Contoh: He is a man.
---------------------> She is very smart.
---------------------> It must be a dog.
----------> c. are, were, be --> untuk subyek you, we, they
-------------> Contoh: You are Rado.
---------------------> We are not like that.
---------------------> They should be optimist.
----------> d. been --> untuk semua subyek pada perfect tense
-------------> Contoh: They have been there.
---------------------> She has been sweeping the floor.
---------------------> You had been successful.
----> b. verb (kata kerja)
-------> 1. di dalam kamus diawali dengan to
----------> Contoh : to carry, to sit, to pull, etc
-------> 2. dapat berubah sesuai dengan subyek dan waktu (tenses)
-------> 3. Contoh penggunaan dalam kalimat
----------> I sit on the bed.
----------> She brings some books.
----> c. auxiliary verb (kata kerja modal)
-------> 1. adalah verb yang berfungsi sebagai adverb (keterangan)
-------> 2. dalam penggunaannya selalu diletakkan di dekat subyek dan selalu diikuti
----------> oleh infinitive.
-------> 3. yaitu must, can, could, will, would, may, might, shall, should
-------> 4. penggunaannya tidak dipengaruhi oleh subyek, tetapi dapat berubah ----------> menurut waktu (tenses)
-------> 5. Contoh penggunaan dalam kalimat
----------> I can do everything.
----------> She will come to the party.
-> 2. Berdasarkan tenses
----> a. infinitive (Verb I)
-------> 1. verb I ini dalam kamus ditulis setelah kata to.
-------> 2. Verb I ini digunakan pada
----------> a. Simple Present Tense
-------------> Penggunaannya tergantung pada subyek (dijelaskan lebih lanjut pada
-------------> bab tenses).
----------> b. Digunakan pada tenses apapun, di belakang auxiliary verb, atau di
-------------> belakang Verb I setelah kata to.
-------------> Contoh: I want to take the book.
---------------------> I will see you there.
----> b. Past (Verb II)
-------> 1.Penggunaan ini Past tidak tergantung pada subyek
-------> 2. Hanya digunakan pada Simple Past Tense.
----------> Contoh: Vega buried her garbage behind her house.
----> c. Past Participle (Verb III)
-------> Verb III digunakan pada
-------> 1. Segala macam Perfect Tense setelah kata have, has, atau had.
----------> Contoh : I have finished my job.
-------> 2. Passive Voice pada tenses apapun.
----------> Contoh : Jane is scolded by her mother.
-------> 3. Passive Adjective Clause pada Compound Sentence.
----------> Contoh: Lance called the man kicked by Mandy.
-------> 4. Beberapa verb yang di-adjective-kan.
----------> Contoh: confuse---confused
------------------> satisfy---satisfied
------------------> disappoint---disappointed
----> d. Gerund (Verbing)
-------> Gerund digunakan pada
-------> 1. Segala macam Continous Tense setelah to be.
----------> Contoh : Nanny is driving a car.
-------> 2. Setelah verb tertentu, yaitu
----------> avoid, anticipate, appreciate, continue, delay, deny, detest, enjoy,
----------> forgive, finish, help (menahan), start, stop, keep, mind, resist, ----------> remain, remember, dan quit.
----------> Contoh: Alan always remembers calling you everyday
-------> 3. Beberapa verb yang di-noun-kan atau di-adjective-kan
----------> Contoh: sing---singing
------------------> confuse---confusing
annoy---annoying
-------> 4. Setelah frase tertentu, yaitu
----------> a. look forward to + gerund
-------------> Contoh : I look forward to being there.
----------> b. to be + used to + gerund
-------------> Contoh : I am used to studying at night.
----------> c. to be + accustomed to + gerund
-------------> Contoh : We are accustomed to cooking few meals.
----------> d. to be + habited to + gerund
-------------> Contoh: The cat is habited to eating fish.
-------> 5. Adjective Clause pada Compound Sentence.
----------> Contoh: I called the girl standing there in the corner.
-> 3. Berdasarkan regularity
----> a. Regular verb
-------> adalah verb yang (VII) dan (VIII)-nya adalah VI + ed.
-------> Contoh: kick --- kicked --- kicked
---------------> carry --- carried --- carried
----> b. Irregular verb
-------> adalah verb yang (VII) dan (VIII)-nya adalah berbeda / sama dengan VI
-------> Contoh : go --- went --- gone
---------------> hit --- hit --- hit
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